Tuesday, June 25, 2013

From tiny to massive: Mammal size evolution explained

June 25, 2013 ? Scientists have added another piece to the evolutionary puzzle to explain why certain mammal families evolved to be very large, while others remained tiny.

In research published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, an international group of scientists including Monash University's Dr Alistair Evans proposed a new theory explaining the diversity of mammal sizes -- from the Etruscan shrew which weighs around two grams, to the blue whale which clocks in at almost 200 tonnes. Surprisingly, baby weight relative to adult body mass is key.

Dr Evans, of the Monash School of Biological Sciences, said size impacts on all aspects of an animal's physiology and anatomy, and the roles it can play in ecosystems.

"Size is fundamental to your life and your body -- how fast your heart beats, how much food you need to eat, and how you move," Dr Evans said.

Following the extinction of the dinosaurs, mammals flourished and their size increased dramatically. The study examined the maximum size of groups including whales, elephants, primates and rodents over this period to examine the constraints on size.

The researchers found that species that matured more quickly and produced a larger mass of young each year relative to body weight were able to evolve to a larger maximum size. Further, they are likely to reach that size in fewer generations.

This high rate of biological production is vital, regardless of whether many small young or just one large offspring are born in a year.

Dr Evans said whales were an excellent example of the theory.

"The blue whale is the largest animal to have evolved, even larger than dinosaurs, and it reached this size at the fastest rates we recorded. Key to this success is that they produce large young that mature quickly, reaching around 30 metres in eight to 10 years," Dr Evans said.

Lead author of the study, Dr Jordan Okie from Arizona State University, said primates were at the opposite end of the spectrum.

"Primates have a low production rate and have evolved very slowly. They have never got bigger than about 500 kilograms," Dr Okie said.

The study also linked maximum size to mortality rate. Because larger animals tend to breed less frequently than smaller animals, if the mortality rate doubles, the maximum size is predicted to be 16 times smaller.

"This is a really surprising finding," said Dr Evans.

"It points to why many of the large animals went extinct after the last Ice Age, as changing climates probably increase mortality rates. Large animals are also at high risk of extinction in modern environments because it takes a long time for their population to rebound from disasters."

In the future, this work will be extended to help explain how extinction risk may be reduced in the face of climate change.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/WVYra1sPi-A/130625092012.htm

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Consider a text for teen suicide prevention and intervention, research suggests

Consider a text for teen suicide prevention and intervention, research suggests [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 24-Jun-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Scottye Cash
Cash.33@osu.edu
Ohio State University

Adolescents commonly use social media to reach out when they are depressed

COLUMBUS, Ohio Teens and young adults are making use of social networking sites and mobile technology to express suicidal thoughts and intentions as well as to reach out for help, two studies suggest.

An analysis of about one month of public posts on MySpace revealed 64 comments in which adolescents expressed a wish to die. Researchers conducted a follow-up survey of young adults and found that text messages were the second-most common way for respondents to seek help when they felt depressed. Talking to a friend or family member ranked first.

These young adults also said they would be least likely to use suicide hotlines or online suicide support groups the most prevalent strategy among existing suicide-prevention initiatives.

The findings of the two studies suggest that suicide prevention and intervention efforts geared at teens and young adults should employ social networking and other types of technology, researchers say.

"Obviously this is a place where adolescents are expressing their feelings," said Scottye Cash, associate professor of social work at The Ohio State University and lead author of the studies. "It leads me to believe that we need to think about using social media as an intervention and as a way to connect with people."

The research team is in the process conducting a study similar to the MySpace analysis by examining young people's Twitter messages for suicidal content. The researchers would like to analyze Facebook, but too few of the profiles are public, Cash said.

Suicide is the third leading cause of death among youths between the ages of 10 and 24 years, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Cash and colleagues published the MySpace research in a recent issue of the journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking. They presented the survey findings at a meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Cash's interest in this phenomenon was sparked in part by media reports about teenagers using social media to express suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

"We wanted to know: Is that accurate, or are these isolated incidents? We found that in a short period of time, there were dozens of examples of teens with suicidal thoughts using MySpace to talk to their friends," she said.

The researchers performed a content analysis of public profiles on MySpace. They downloaded profile pages of a 41,000-member sample of 13- to 24-year-olds from March 3-4, 2008, and again in December 2008, this time with comments included. By developing a list of phrases to identify potential suicidal thoughts or behaviors, the researchers narrowed 2 million downloaded comments to 1,083 that contained suggestions of suicidality, and used a manual process to eventually arrive at 64 posts that were clear discussions of suicide.

"There's a lot of drama and angst in teenagers so in a lot of cases, they might say something 'will kill them' but not really mean it. Teasing out that hyperbole was an intense process," Cash said. Song lyrics also made up a surprising number of references to suicide, she added.

The three most common phrases within the final sample were "kill myself" (51.6 percent), "want to die" (15.6 percent) and "suicide" (14.1 percent). Though in more than half of the posts the context was unknown, Cash and colleagues determined that 42 percent of the posts referred to problems with family or other relationships including 15.6 percent that were about break-ups and 6.3 percent were attributable to mental health problems or substance abuse.

Very few of the posts identified the method the adolescents would consider in a suicide attempt, but 3 percent mentioned guns, 1.6 percent referred to a knife and 1.6 percent combined being hit by a car and a knife.

With this information in hand, Cash and co-investigator Jeffrey Bridge of the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital surveyed young people to learn more about how they convey their depression and suicidal thoughts. Bridge also co-authored the MySpace paper.

Collaborating with Research Now, a social marketing firm, the researchers obtained a sample of survey participants through a company that collects consumer opinions. The final sample included 1,089 participants age 18-24 with an average age of almost 21, half male and half female, and 70.6 percent white.

They were asked about their history of suicidal thoughts and attempts, general Internet and technology use, social networking activity and whether they had symptoms of depression.

More than a third reported they have had suicidal thoughts; of those, 37.5 percent had attempted suicide, resulting in a 13 percent rate of suicide attempts among the entire sample. That figure compares to the 8 percent of U.S. high-school students who reported in a 2011 CDC national survey that they had attempted suicide at least once in the previous year. According to that survey, almost 16 percent of youths had seriously considered suicide and almost 13 percent had made a suicide plan in the previous 12 months.

Results of Cash's survey showed that respondents would favor talking to a friend or family member when they were depressed, followed by sending texts, talking on the phone, using instant messaging and posting to a social networking site. Less common responses included talking to a health-care provider, posting to a blog, calling a suicide prevention hotline and posting to an online suicide support group.

Response trends suggested, though, that participants with suicidal thoughts or attempts were more willing to use technology specifically the phone, instant messaging, texting and social networking to reach out compared to those with no suicidal history. In light of this trend, the fact that the participants were active online consumers might have contributed to the relatively high percentage of suicide attempts among the study sample. In addition, the survey also asked about lifetime suicide history, not just recent history, Cash noted.

The survey also showed that this age group looks to the Internet for information on sensitive topics, and again suggested that young adults of both sexes with a history of suicidal thoughts or attempts consulted the Internet for information about topics that are difficult to discuss specifically drug use, sex, depression, eating disorders or other mental health concerns. Females with past suicide attempts used social networking the most, according to the results.

"It appears that our methods of reaching out to adolescents and young adults is not actually meeting them where they are. If, as adults, we're saying, 'this is what we think you need' and they tell us they're not going to use it, should we keep pumping resources into suicide hotlines?" Cash said. "We need to find new ways to connect with them and help them with whatever they're struggling with, or, in other words, meet them where they are in ways that make sense to them."

###

A notable resource already available is http://www.reachout.com, a website geared toward adolescents who are struggling through a tough time. Some Internet-based resources exist that could serve as models for new suicide prevention interventions, she noted. They include teen.smokefree.gov and http://www.thatsnotcool.com.

The survey research was supported by an Ohio State University College of Social Work Seed Grant.

Additional co-authors of the MySpace paper include Michael Thelwall of the University of Wolverhampton in the United Kingdom, Sydney Peck of Elmira College and Jared Ferrell of the University of Akron.

Contact:

Scottye Cash
Cash.33@osu.edu
(Email is the best way to reach Cash.)

Written by Emily Caldwell
(614) 292-8310
Caldwell.151@osu.edu


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Consider a text for teen suicide prevention and intervention, research suggests [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 24-Jun-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Scottye Cash
Cash.33@osu.edu
Ohio State University

Adolescents commonly use social media to reach out when they are depressed

COLUMBUS, Ohio Teens and young adults are making use of social networking sites and mobile technology to express suicidal thoughts and intentions as well as to reach out for help, two studies suggest.

An analysis of about one month of public posts on MySpace revealed 64 comments in which adolescents expressed a wish to die. Researchers conducted a follow-up survey of young adults and found that text messages were the second-most common way for respondents to seek help when they felt depressed. Talking to a friend or family member ranked first.

These young adults also said they would be least likely to use suicide hotlines or online suicide support groups the most prevalent strategy among existing suicide-prevention initiatives.

The findings of the two studies suggest that suicide prevention and intervention efforts geared at teens and young adults should employ social networking and other types of technology, researchers say.

"Obviously this is a place where adolescents are expressing their feelings," said Scottye Cash, associate professor of social work at The Ohio State University and lead author of the studies. "It leads me to believe that we need to think about using social media as an intervention and as a way to connect with people."

The research team is in the process conducting a study similar to the MySpace analysis by examining young people's Twitter messages for suicidal content. The researchers would like to analyze Facebook, but too few of the profiles are public, Cash said.

Suicide is the third leading cause of death among youths between the ages of 10 and 24 years, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Cash and colleagues published the MySpace research in a recent issue of the journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking. They presented the survey findings at a meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Cash's interest in this phenomenon was sparked in part by media reports about teenagers using social media to express suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

"We wanted to know: Is that accurate, or are these isolated incidents? We found that in a short period of time, there were dozens of examples of teens with suicidal thoughts using MySpace to talk to their friends," she said.

The researchers performed a content analysis of public profiles on MySpace. They downloaded profile pages of a 41,000-member sample of 13- to 24-year-olds from March 3-4, 2008, and again in December 2008, this time with comments included. By developing a list of phrases to identify potential suicidal thoughts or behaviors, the researchers narrowed 2 million downloaded comments to 1,083 that contained suggestions of suicidality, and used a manual process to eventually arrive at 64 posts that were clear discussions of suicide.

"There's a lot of drama and angst in teenagers so in a lot of cases, they might say something 'will kill them' but not really mean it. Teasing out that hyperbole was an intense process," Cash said. Song lyrics also made up a surprising number of references to suicide, she added.

The three most common phrases within the final sample were "kill myself" (51.6 percent), "want to die" (15.6 percent) and "suicide" (14.1 percent). Though in more than half of the posts the context was unknown, Cash and colleagues determined that 42 percent of the posts referred to problems with family or other relationships including 15.6 percent that were about break-ups and 6.3 percent were attributable to mental health problems or substance abuse.

Very few of the posts identified the method the adolescents would consider in a suicide attempt, but 3 percent mentioned guns, 1.6 percent referred to a knife and 1.6 percent combined being hit by a car and a knife.

With this information in hand, Cash and co-investigator Jeffrey Bridge of the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital surveyed young people to learn more about how they convey their depression and suicidal thoughts. Bridge also co-authored the MySpace paper.

Collaborating with Research Now, a social marketing firm, the researchers obtained a sample of survey participants through a company that collects consumer opinions. The final sample included 1,089 participants age 18-24 with an average age of almost 21, half male and half female, and 70.6 percent white.

They were asked about their history of suicidal thoughts and attempts, general Internet and technology use, social networking activity and whether they had symptoms of depression.

More than a third reported they have had suicidal thoughts; of those, 37.5 percent had attempted suicide, resulting in a 13 percent rate of suicide attempts among the entire sample. That figure compares to the 8 percent of U.S. high-school students who reported in a 2011 CDC national survey that they had attempted suicide at least once in the previous year. According to that survey, almost 16 percent of youths had seriously considered suicide and almost 13 percent had made a suicide plan in the previous 12 months.

Results of Cash's survey showed that respondents would favor talking to a friend or family member when they were depressed, followed by sending texts, talking on the phone, using instant messaging and posting to a social networking site. Less common responses included talking to a health-care provider, posting to a blog, calling a suicide prevention hotline and posting to an online suicide support group.

Response trends suggested, though, that participants with suicidal thoughts or attempts were more willing to use technology specifically the phone, instant messaging, texting and social networking to reach out compared to those with no suicidal history. In light of this trend, the fact that the participants were active online consumers might have contributed to the relatively high percentage of suicide attempts among the study sample. In addition, the survey also asked about lifetime suicide history, not just recent history, Cash noted.

The survey also showed that this age group looks to the Internet for information on sensitive topics, and again suggested that young adults of both sexes with a history of suicidal thoughts or attempts consulted the Internet for information about topics that are difficult to discuss specifically drug use, sex, depression, eating disorders or other mental health concerns. Females with past suicide attempts used social networking the most, according to the results.

"It appears that our methods of reaching out to adolescents and young adults is not actually meeting them where they are. If, as adults, we're saying, 'this is what we think you need' and they tell us they're not going to use it, should we keep pumping resources into suicide hotlines?" Cash said. "We need to find new ways to connect with them and help them with whatever they're struggling with, or, in other words, meet them where they are in ways that make sense to them."

###

A notable resource already available is http://www.reachout.com, a website geared toward adolescents who are struggling through a tough time. Some Internet-based resources exist that could serve as models for new suicide prevention interventions, she noted. They include teen.smokefree.gov and http://www.thatsnotcool.com.

The survey research was supported by an Ohio State University College of Social Work Seed Grant.

Additional co-authors of the MySpace paper include Michael Thelwall of the University of Wolverhampton in the United Kingdom, Sydney Peck of Elmira College and Jared Ferrell of the University of Akron.

Contact:

Scottye Cash
Cash.33@osu.edu
(Email is the best way to reach Cash.)

Written by Emily Caldwell
(614) 292-8310
Caldwell.151@osu.edu


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-06/osu-cat062413.php

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Actor Paul Giamatti joins 'Downton Abbey' as playboy brother

LONDON (Reuters) - American actor Paul Giamatti is joining the cast of the British award-winning stately home drama "Downton Abbey", starting with the Christmas episode, the show's producers said on Monday.

Carnival Films, a division of Comcast's NBCUniversal, and British television channel ITV said Giamatti would play Cora Crawley's maverick, playboy brother Harold in the Christmas episode.

Giamatti, known for films including "Sideways" and "Cinderella Man", will be star alongside Shirley MacLaine and the regular cast members in the drama that won a Golden Globe for Best Miniseries or Television Film in 2011.

He is just one of a list of new cast members to star in an eight-part fourth series that includes New Zealand opera singer Kiri Te Kanawa and follows the lives of the aristocratic Crawley family and their staff.

"We're excited that Paul Giamatti will be joining us on Downton to play Cora's brother Harold, the rather free-spirited uncle to Mary and Edith," Carnival Films' Managing Director Gareth Neame said in a statement.

"We can't wait to see him work alongside Shirley MacLaine, who are both sure to upset the Grantham's apple cart in this year's Christmas Day episode."

The new series will see the return of MacLaine as Martha Levinson alongside series regulars Hugh Bonneville, Maggie Smith, Michelle Dockery and Jim Carter.

In Britain, series three of "Downton Abbey" that was created by British screenwriter Julian Fellowes was the most watched drama of 2012, averaging 11.9 million viewers.

In the United States, shown on PBS, "Downton Abbey" was the highest-ranked non-U.S. series.

(Reporting by Belinda Goldsmith, editing by Paul Casciato)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/actor-paul-giamatti-joins-downton-abbey-playboy-brother-180418708.html

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Monday, June 24, 2013

Swarovski to launch crystal-studded devices under Sugar brand in July?

Image

Ah, what better way to start off the week than by deciphering a cryptic message. Earlier today we received the above image from a mysterious company called Sugar, and that's all there really is: some crystals in a candy wrapper, the tag line "The sweetest thing that you've never tasted before" (the Chinese counterpart implies "irresistible sweetness"), plus the words "July. Austria. Wattens. Unlock." along the bottom.

As it turns out, Wattens is where the famed Swarovski is based, so we're going to assume this has something to do with the Austrian crystal maker. As for the "unlock" part, perhaps Swarovski is going to launch its very own bejeweled smartphones or even tablets under the Sugar brand next month? Whatever they are, hopefully they won't be as tacky as what we've seen in the past. The sweetness would be a bonus, too.

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Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/06/24/swarovski-sugar-phones-tablets/?utm_medium=feed&utm_source=Feed_Classic&utm_campaign=Engadget

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Calvin Klein man for next summer an urban dreamer

MILAN (AP) ? The Calvin Klein man for next summer is an urban dreamer, contemplating his horizons and even the cosmos.

The collection for next summer presented Sunday on the second day of Milan Fashion Week keeps men in their comfort zone, with a solid focus on basics in reassuring blues. There are bomber jackets, suits with cuffed pants and classic shirts.

Designer Italo Zucchelli offers up monochromatic looks for next summer in blues: wake-up royal, soothing sky and down-to-business Navy. Classic double-pocket snap-close shirts are paired with same-color pants that cuff at the ankle. They in turn are worn with a shoe of the matching color and same-color socks ? none of the black socks seen on other runways.

Bomber jackets come in white with classic blue vertical stripes, perfect for a day at the ballpark.

On the more daring end of the spectrum, sweatshirts are made of a funky mix of fabrics: One had a neoprene effect, another was chunky knit and finally there were cotton panels. Together, they create a harmonious clash fitting of the heavy metal riffs that down along the runway.

Wrapping up the look: a series of sloping shoulder shirts and sweatshirts with prints of the sky in all its glorious phases; a daytime blue sky filled with fluffy clouds, another at sunset and a star-filled night.

Each includes a door-shaped panel. Some show another sky ? it's unclear whether it's a forecast or the past. Another is dark, and open for interpretation.

The collection is for the urban dweller, one whose view of the sky may be otherwise crowded by buildings. He of course would have little need for shorts as active-wear, and there are none in this collection.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/calvin-klein-man-next-summer-urban-dreamer-170759036.html

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Sunday, June 23, 2013

Excellent Services Offered By The Indianapolis Paving - Tools and ...

Excellent Services Offered By The Indianapolis Paving

1 views This article is copyright free and is published in Tools and Equipment ? Home Improvement Joined: Jun 05, 2012

3994 articles

Pavers are the dry mix piece of concrete that commonly used for exterior landscaping and it is forms interlocking concrete pavements. Pavement can be used by any one as it enhances the standard of particular place as well as provide ease too the person who use it. There are several companies in USA that use to offer tremendous services and Indianapolis Paving services are highly known and preferred by all and they use to provide excellent services to the customers.
For the pavement services it is very much essential that one should have the services that are offered by the careful service provider who takes care of quality.

Quality Pavers

There are several service providers available and they use to offer trustworthy services along with quality workmanship and excellent customer services with the exceptional results. They use to offer excellent seal coating and asphalt repairing and replacement solutions according to the need of customers. It includes the services like asphalt paving, hot rubberized sealing for cracks, seal coating, full depth replacement, asphalt mining, patching, design and layout striping, concrete installation and repair, free estimates and drain collars and many more. They use to provide their clients with the excellent services with punctuality and best thing is that all the projects are same for them.

Driveway Maintenance services

It is quite known that pavements are widely used for the driveways and along with the paving services it is also essential for these companies to provide proper maintenance services too. These companies use to offer highly skilled teams that result in quality pavement installation as well as its proper repairing and maintenance too. They use to provide excellent workmanship and customer dedicated a service that enhances the customer?s attraction and recommendation and most important is that they are having great experience in the pavement services.

Exceptional results

The tremendous growth of Indianapolis paving is just because of their quality services and exceptional results that please their customer to take the services from here. If you are also looking for the excellent services that are offered for the pavement then you must analyze the services on the basis of work experience and quality they provide with previous work records. There are several of pavements services that are offered by the service provider like parking lots as well as sidewalks and also paving including curbs and driveways along with the stamped services with the new construction and also removal or replacement services with the asphalt too.

About author: William Klein

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Saturday, June 22, 2013

Concert review: Barenaked Ladies can't capitalize on nostalgia in ...

(Paul Fraughton | The Salt Lake Tribune) Ed Robertson of The Barenaked Ladies performs at USANA Amphitheater on Thursday, June 20, 2013.

Concert review: Barenaked Ladies can?t capitalize on nostalgia in Utah summer tour stop

Last Summer on Earth tour ? Guster and Ben Folds Five share the bill.

USANA Amphitheatre on Thursday was filled with ?90s nostalgia brought on by the music of Guster and Ben Folds Five. But for headliner Barenaked Ladies, the absence of Steven Page marred the band?s usual witty interplay and fun-loving improvisation with each other and the audience filled with throngs of young professionals and their children.

Each band billed on the Last Summer on Earth tour played for about an hour, bringing back memories of the time when the Internet was still in swaddling clothes and the innocence we enjoyed in a pre-9/11 world.

That sense of carefree fun resonated throughout Guster?s members ? the hand-played bongos of Brian Rosenworcel, the guitar work of Adam Gardner and the croonings of lead singer Ryan Miller. Their jeans may have been skinnier and their baseball caps truckier, but the trio performed classics such as "Barrel of a Gun," "Satellite," and "Airport Song" with the same engaging pizzazz that has drawn audiences for two decades.

They battled the 7:30 p.m. blaze of USANA?s west-facing stage with the help of sunglasses donated by audience members, and kept their 45-minute set rolling without much time to talk with the crowd, other than to invite members to stand and dance.

Ben Folds Five, who got back together late last year after a dozen-year hiatus, smashed through piano-heavy hits such as "Song for the Dumped," "Brick," and even threw in Ben Folds? solo single "Landed." To the delight of the crowd, the group ended with "Army," a song the trio didn?t play at its Jan. 25 Las Vegas show that many die-hard Utah fans attended before the June show was announced.

Many in the crowd sported Ben Folds Five T-Shirts from years ago, but still were able to sing along to every word of new songs on the album "The Sound of the Life of the Mind" such as "Do It Anyway" and "Erase Me." Folds? lyrics and music kept the continuity of his previous works, and the trio?s performance felt like old friends picking up a conversation as if only seconds ? and not years ? had passed.

The same couldn?t be said for Barenaked Ladies.

Lead singer Ed Robertson brought his charm and wit in his freestyle rap about Hogle Zoo and the Montage hotel in Park City, but it was a quick spark that quickly dissipated. The nights of improvisation and banter between he and former bandmate Page, who departed in 2009, sadly are gone, and the band ? and audience ? suffered for it.

Barenaked Ladies always has communicated its deeper emotional core through humor, but both were lost without the comedic interplay the Canadian pop stars were known for in their first two decades. Even classics such as "One Week" and "If I had a Million Dollars" lost some of their charm without it Thursday night.

New songs from the album "Grinning Streak" ? such as the catchy "Boomerang" and the uplifting nerd anthem "Odds Are" ? show promise for a whole new sound as they celebrate their 25th year performing. But the now-four piece band can?t conjure up the joys of the past because a piece of its soul is simply missing.

story continues below

It was a bittersweet end to what was otherwise a joyful trip down memory lane.

smcfarland@sltrib.com

Twitter: @sheena5427

Copyright 2013 The Salt Lake Tribune. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/entertainment2/56473305-223/folds-ben-barenaked-ladies.html.csp

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